Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... His sons Francis I (ruled 1574–87) and Ferdinand I (ruled 1587–1609) succeeded him, and the latter enlarged the free port of Livorno. Francesco I de' Medici (1541–1587), Grand Duke of Tuscany modeled 1585–87, cast ca. ", "Medici Family Cold Case Finally Solved : Discovery News", "Toledo-de' Medici, Leonor de (Eleonora)", Prince Filippo "Filippino", Grand Prince of Tuscany, Genealogical tables of the House of Medici, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany&oldid=999834846, Articles needing additional references from January 2016, All articles needing additional references, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating an MLCC template as an external link, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Romola (20 November 1568 – 2 December 1568), Isabella (30 September 1571 – 8 August 1572), Lucrezia (7 November 1572 – 14 August 1574), Francesco de' Medici is a secondary character in, This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 05:20. Em 18 de dezembro de 1565, casou-se com Joana de Habsburgo (1548-1578), filha de Fernando I de Habsburgo e Ana Jagelão. In the early modern period the city of Florence had only about one-half of its medieval population, and it receded from the international scene, becoming…, …under the patronage of Duke Francesco de’Medici. Francis (I), original name Francesco de’ Medici, (born March 25, 1541, Florence—died Oct. 19/20, 1587, Poggio a Caiano, near Florence), second grand duke (granduca) of Tuscany, a tool of the Habsburgs and father of Marie de Médicis, wife of Henry IV of France. Following the death of Francesco's legitimate son Filippo in 1582, Antonio was proclaimed heir. The protagonist of this relief is Francesco de’Medici (1541-1587). He continued the heavy taxation of his subjects to pay large sums to the empire. Popular imagination, however, refused to believe this clinical account of their deaths. Francesco I (25 March 1541 – 19 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587, a member of the House of Medici. Grand Duke Francesco I de’ Medici Upon the death of Cosimo I, in 1574, his son Francesco (1541–1587) became the second Grand Duke of Tuscany. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. ‘Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany’ was created by Agnolo Bronzino in Mannerism (Late Renaissance) style. Francesco and Bianca died on 19 and 20 October, both at the Medici Villa in Poggio a Caiano. No further attempts of any kind appear to have been made until the mid-17th century, when Claude and François Révérend, Paris importers of Dutch pottery, were granted a monopoly of porcelain manufacture in France. Maria de' Medici 26 Aprile 1575 – 3 Julie 1642) mairit Keeng Henri IV o Fraunce an haed issue. On 18 December 1565, he married Joanna of Austria, youngest daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I and his wife Anne of Bohemia and Hungary. He was only the second grand duke ever to bless the house of Medici, and he lived quite an intriguing life. Well, infamy must beget infamy, because Marie’s childhood was downright dangerous. He was the second grand duke of the house of Medici. He married Bianca Cappello (1548-1587) 5 June 1578 JL . ‘Francesco I de' Medici’ was created by Agnolo Bronzino. The presence of the orthopaedic footwear suggests that this stroke happened significantly before his death. It is a small, secret room, connected with the Salone dei Cinquecento ( Hall of the Five Hundred ), in which the prince Francesco I de’ Medici loved to surround himself with things he was passionate about. They died of malaria within a few hours of each other in 1587. Francesco also adopted Bianca's daughter by her first marriage, Pellegrina (1564–?). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. A small room in Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy, the Studiolo Francesco I de’ Medici was the secret refuge and private museum of the one-time Duke of Tuscany from 1574 to 1613. By subservience to the Habsburgs he won recognition of his dynasty’s hereditary right to all his possessions in Tuscany; and he twice refused invitations to stand as a candidate for the Polish crown (1575 and 1587). Very rare announcement against Banditi, Ribelli, Assassini et Homicidiari, published in Florence in 1576 by Grand Duke Francesco I de' Medici and announced by Lorenzo Corboli secretary, Donato Rosia, Domenico Barla. Because of the quick remarriage and similar occurrences among the Medici (Francesco's younger brother Pietro had reportedly killed his wife), rumours spread that Francesco and Bianca had conspired to poison Joanna. It is not known whether they succeeded in making…, …under the 16th-century Medici duke Francesco I, who employed several notable Italian Mannerist painters to design and execute. He was appointed head of government in 1564 while his father, Cosimo I, was still alive; and he succeeded his father as grand duke in 1574. Although the original death certificates mention malaria, it has been widely speculated that the couple was poisoned, possibly by Francesco's brother Ferdinando. While some early forensic research supported the latter theory,[1] forensic evidence from a study in 2010 found the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria, in the skeletal remains of Francesco I,[2] which strongly bolstered the infection theory and the credibility of the official documents. Francisco I de Médici (em italiano: Francesco I de' Medici; Florença, 25 de março de 1541 — Florença, 19 de outubro de 1587) foi o filho mais velho de Cosme I de Médici e Leonor de Toledo.Foi Grão-Duque da Toscana de 1574 a 1587.. Biografia. In 1857, all members of the Medici family were exhumed and reburied in the place where they still lie today. Francesco de Medici was born on March, 25th 1541; in one of the villas of Medici (within Poggio a Caiano, Tuscany). Francesco de Medici died at 20, killed by the black plague during the siege of Ratisbon. During life, in his official portraits, the grand duke was always depicted as being in perfect physical condition. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He continued his father's patronage of the arts, supporting artists and building the Medici Theater as well as founding the Accademia della Crusca. Factinate Video of the Day Francesco de’ Medici became the Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1574. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Like his father, Francesco was often despotic, but while Cosimo had known how to maintain Florentine independence, Francesco acted more like a vassal of the Habsburgs of Austria and Spain. The "Studiolo" of Francesco I. This article will follow the life of Francesco I de Medici, who was the Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1574 until 1587. Find more prominent pieces of portrait at Wikiart.org – best visual art database. Bronzino painted a portrait of Eleonora with Francesco. The cause of his stroke is not known, but malaria is known to cause this condition. Isabella de' Medici (30 September 1571 – 8 August 1572) died young. Generations are numbered from the children of, Arba F, Inzitari D, Barnett HJ, Lippi D (2012) Stroke in Renaissance time: The case of Francesco I de' Medici. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Francesco I (25 March 1541 – 19 Oc­to­ber 1587) was the sec­ond Grand Duke of Tus­cany, rul­ing from 1574 until his death in 1587, a mem­ber of the House of Medici. Portret van Francesco I de' Medici François de Medicis Grand Duc de Toscane (titel op object), RP-P-OB-67.657.jpg 4,762 × 7,040; 5.32 MB Quarzo trattato, forse frutto di esperimenti di francesco I al casino di s. marco, 1560-1580 ca (montatura in filigrana d'argento del 1600-50 ca. Born in Florence, he was the son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Eleanor of Toledo. She was, however, not always popular among Florentines. It was said that Bianca had prepared a poisoned tart intended for her brother-in-law Ferdinando (the future Ferdinand I), that Francis had eaten some of it by mistake, and that Bianca in desperation then ate some herself in order not to survive her lover and husband. Updates? Francesco I (25 March 1541 – 19 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587. ).JPG 968 × 1,276; 777 KB He was also passionately interested in chemistry and alchemy and spent many hours in his private laboratory and curio collection, the Studiolo in the Palazzo Vecchio, which held his collections of natural items and stones and allowed him to dabble in chemistry and alchemical schemes. [citation needed]In many ways, Ferdinando was the opposite of his brother who preceded him. Cerebrovasc Dis 33(6):589–593, Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, "Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany", Learn how and when to remove this template message, Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat, Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez de Guzmán, "The mysterious death of Francesco I de' Medici and Bianca Cappello: an arsenic murder? When Joanna died, after giving him three children, he married Bianca and had her solemnly crowned in the Palazzo Vecchio. Francesco I de' Medici was born 25 March 1541 in Florence, Italy to Cosimo I de' Medici (1519-1574) and Leanor de Toledo (1522-1562) and died 19 October 1587 inFlorence, Italy of unspecified causes. Francesco reportedly built and decorated the Villa di Pratolino for Bianca. Corrections? Grand Duke. His reign was tarnished, however, by domestic scandals: his brother Pietro murdered his own wife, the younger Eleanora de Toledo (night of July 9–10, 1576); his sister Isabella was murdered by her husband Paolo Giordano Orsini, duca di Bracciano (July 10, 1576); and Francis himself largely lives on in the romantic popular memory because of his love affair with Bianca Cappello. He was the second grand duke of the house of Medici. Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com: accessed ), memorial page for Francesco I de' Medici (25 Mar 1541–19 Oct 1587), Find a Grave Memorial no. While he was still heir presumptive, he had taken this young patrician as his mistress—after she had been abandoned by the lover with whom she had fled from Venice. His education included instruction in science and the decorative arts, and these were to remain his abiding interests. On 18 December 1565, he married Joanna of Austria, youngest daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I and his wife Anne of Bohemia and Hungary, after Princess Elizabeth of Sweden, among others, had been considered. Francesco's marriage to Bianca and the couple's death was exploited by Thomas Middleton for his tragedy Women Beware Women, published in 1658. († 1564) and Anna of Hungary and Bohemia († 1547); the wedding of Johanna and Francesco was celebrated in Florence on 15. His favourite Villa. I don’t know if it’s the painter’s style, but Francesco and his brother the Grand Duke Ferdinando II … Francesco de' Medici (16 October 1614 – 25 July 1634) was the fourth son of Grand Duke Cosimo II of Tuscany and his wife, Maria Maddalena of Austria. Credit Line Gift of Edgar Kaufmann, Jr. Reference Number 1965.1179 He married Johanna of Austria (1547-1578) 25 December 1565 JL in Florence, Italy. lorenzo de' medici ,known as lorenzo the magnificent 1 january 1449 – 8 april 1492)[1] was an italian statesman, de facto ruler of the florentine republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of renaissance culture in italy - francesco i de' medici stock illustrations We have a portrait of Francesco de Medici by Justus Sustermans in the Royal Apartments of the Pitti Palace. The construction of the "Studiolo" from 1570 to 1575, to a design by court architect and painter Giorgio Vasari with the assistance of the scholar Vincenzo Borghini, was commissioned by Francesco de' Medici who had taken over from his father Cosimo I in 1564 as regent of the Duchy of Tuscany. Omissions? Francesco I (25 March 1541 – 19 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587, a member of the House of Medici. There is a famous portrait of Francesco as a child by Bronzino that hangs in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. A scholar and a keen student of chemistry, mechanics, and ballistics, Francis also continued his family’s patronage of artists (notably Giovanni da Bologna) and was the first to house the Medici collection of paintings in the Uffizi Palace in Florence. Filippo de' Medici, Grand Prince o … MEDICI, Bianca de' (1543-1587), wife of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Francesco I de’ Medici’s Studiolo could be marked as a sign of art as personal preference rather than being used on other larger perspectives. Francesco I de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1541-1587) was the son of Cosimo I de’ Medici and Eleonora de’ Medici. Nothing could ever deflect Francis from this passion—neither the marriage with Joanna of Austria, nor the reproaches of his family and of the Emperor, nor public censure. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-I-grand-duke-of-Tuscany. Francesco I de' Medici, Đại Công tước xứ Toscana (25 tháng 3, 1541 – 17 tháng 10, 1587) là Đại Công tước xứ Toscana thứ nhì, trị vì từ năm 1574 đến năm 1587. He sponsored Bernardo Buontalenti’s plan for developing Livorno (1577), which was to make it the greatest Tuscan port; he strengthened the fleet; and he opened several trading posts in the eastern Mediterranean. He founded porcelain and stoneware manufacture, but these did not thrive until after his death. Francesco I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany's grandson was King Louis XIII of France Francesco I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany's granddaughter was Princess Henriette of France Francesco I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany's great grandchildren: Contents He had an avid interest in manufacturing and sciences. Find more prominent pieces at Wikiart.org – best visual art database. When his brother Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, died in 1587, Ferdinando succeeded as grand duke at the age of 38. Spouse: Johanna (or Giovanna) of Austria (1547-1578), the youngest daughter of Emperor Ferdinand I. Francis (I), original name Francesco de’ Medici, (born March 25, 1541, Florence—died Oct. 19/20, 1587, Poggio a Caiano, near Florence), second grand duke (granduca) of Tuscany, a tool of the Habsburgs and father of Marie de Médicis, wife of Henry IV of France. After the death of his first wife, Francesco married Bianca Cappello who was always hidden from the court and from Francesco’s brother, Cardinal Ferdinando I de ‘Medici, so much so that the sudden death of the couple made one think for a long time of poisoning ordered by the cardinal himself. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Soon after Grand Duchess Joanna had died, Francesco went on to marry his Venetian mistress, Bianca Cappello, after aptly disposing of her husband, a Florentine bureaucrat. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and his wife, Bianca Cappello, died mysteriously and almost simultaneously in 1587 The circumstances of the their death raised suspicion that the two had been murdered by the Grand Duke's brother Less dedicated to statecraft than his father and naturally introverted, Francesco never emerged from the shadow of Cosimo’s long reign or achieved a political persona of his own. They had no legitimate children, but Bianca had borne him a son, Antonio (29 August 1576 – 2 May 1621), in his first wife's lifetime. He died unmarried. The title was not precisely legitimate since it had been bestowed by the pope (1569), but Francis obtained the grand ducal title from the emperor Maximilian II in November 1575. Joanna was homesick for her native Austria, and Francesco was neither charming nor faithful. [3] Francesco was succeeded by his younger brother Ferdinando. By all reports, it was not a happy marriage. Joanna died at the age of thirty-one in 1578. The painter Giuseppe Moricci attended the ceremony and depicted Francesco with a facial droop, a right claw hand appearance, the right shoulder internally rotated, the right calf muscle wasted and a right clubfoot confirmed by orthopaedic footwear within the coffin. He served as regent for his father Cosimo after he retired from his governing duties in 1564. He served as regent for his father Cosimo after he retired from his governing duties in 1564. Francesco I de' Medici, Mare Duce de Toscana (25 martie 1541 – 17 octombrie 1587) a fost al doilea Mare Duce al Toscanei și a domnit în perioada 1574-1587. The Medici Family - Francesco I de’ Medici. Francesco I de’ Medici (r. 1564-87), the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, commissioned a private studiolo in the Palazzo Vecchio that united his personal passion for collecting objects of natural wonder with the Medici tradition of utilizing art to Approachable and generous, he set out to rule mildly. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (25 March 1541 – 17 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 to 1587. National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - The mysterious death of Francesco I de' Medici and Bianca Cappello: an arsenic murder? Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany Francesco I (25 March 1541 – 17 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587. Francesco was the oldest son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Eleanor of Toledo. 91924602, citing Basilica di San Lorenzo, Florence, Città Metropolitana di Firenze, Toscana, Italy ; Maintained by Samuel Taylor Geer (contributor 46925792) . December 1565; Bianca Capello or Bianca Cappello (1548-1587); initially his mistress; the wedding of Bianca and Francesco took place on 5. [4] These are the signs of a right-sided stroke possibly within the internal capsule. Her parents, Francesco I de’ Medici and the Archduchess Joanna of Austria, were powerful movers and shakers in the Tuscan world, and Marie was indirectly descended from Cosimo de’ Medici, the father of the notorious Medici house. But the most odd and extravagant private room is definitely the Studiolo of Francesco I. Lucrezia de' Medici (7 November 1572 – 14 August 1574) died young. He employed the court architect Buontalenti to built the Medici Villa in Pratolino, … Following up his father Cosimo de’ Medici’s artistic projects, Francesco has led them to an ultimate conclusion and a glorious beginning. 1611 After a model by Giambologna Netherlandish This imposing portrait of Grand Duke Francesco I de’ Medici dates between 1585, when he received the Order of the Golden Fleece (the badge dangles prominently from a chain around his neck) and 1587, when he died. Francesco de' Medici Origin Italy Date 1555–1565 Medium Oil on panel (poplar) Dimensions 97.9 × 76.4 cm (38 1/2 × 30 1/8 in.) 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